The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is a U.S. federal agency dedicated to protecting human health and the environment through regulation, research, enforcement, and education. Established in 1970, the EPA administers key environmental laws enacted by Congress to ensure Americans have clean air, water, and land while reducing environmental risks based on sound scientific data[1][2][3]. The EPA's core functions include developing and enforcing regulations on pollutants, overseeing hazardous waste cleanup, and reviewing chemical safety. It primarily enforces landmark laws such as the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, and Toxic Substances Control Act. Its Office of Air and Radiation, for example, sets national air quality standards and controls radiation exposure, while its Office of Chemical Safety manages pesticide and toxic chemical risks[3][5]. The agency also plays a vital role in emergency preparedness and response to environmental disasters[3][9]. Throughout its history, the EPA has achieved significant milestones in reducing air and water pollution, cleaning contaminated sites, and raising public awareness on environmental health. Its regulatory programs have led to measurable improvements in air quality and the revitalization of polluted lands, contributing to public health and ecological sustainability[1][4]. The agency also integrates environmental stewardship into broader U.S. policies on energy, transportation, and industry to promote sustainable economic growth[1][2]. Currently, the EPA continues to evolve by leveraging advanced technologies, partnerships with state and tribal governments, and a strong commitment to transparency and science-based policymaking. It supports businesses and communities by providing accurate information and enforcing fair compliance, thus fostering a level playing field for environmental responsibility[2][5]. The EPA remains a central figure in national and global environmental protection efforts, balancing regulatory authority with innovation and collaboration[1][2]. In summary, the EPA stands as a pivotal institution in safeguarding environmental and public health, driving regulatory excellence, and advancing sustainable development through science, law, and community engagement.